Accurate Modeling of Sensor Algorithms and Controls Within Large Scale Power System Models

The growing role of sensors in the distribution networks for realizing transmission level effects via, for example, automatic distributed load shedding and automated load shaping to track renewable generation requires a fundamentally new type of model that can accurately capture the view of the power system as inferred by these sensors. Because the algorithms used by these sensors process the voltage and current waveforms appearing on the distribution lines, it is essential to have a new class of models that accurately reflect this dynamic. We propose to create and validate such a model, the primary features of which will be (i) replacing algebraic models of the transmission and distribution circuits with dynamic models that produce the correct voltage and current shapes; (ii) reformulated generator and load models to drive and react to these voltage and current shapes; and (iii) showing that such a model can be simulated at scales relevant for the design and analysis of advanced sensing and control systems. If successful, this would be the first model that allows algorithms appearing in frequency sensors and phasor measurement units to be assessed directly within a simulation model; to enable understanding of the critical impact that these sensors will have on wide area control schemes; and to improve sensor precision and accuracy through simulation supported engineering.