Abstract
Electric transportation systems have made great strides forward in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness. Electric drivetrains provide better efficiency and higher reliability due to the lower complexity and smaller part numbers compared to combustion-based drivetrains. As such, electric transportation concepts are becoming viable for all modes of transportation. This move toward transportation electrification is enabled by the drastic improvements in battery performance, making passenger vehicles with a range of over 200 mi cost-competitive with petroleum-powered vehicles. Despite the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads, the lack of charging infrastructure and long charging times restricts the use of these vehicles for daily commutes and short-distance trips.
