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Vol. 23, No. 4, ( 1990)
Disorder in Crystal Surfaces- ORNL and Antarctica
- Reducing Friction To Save Energy
- Differing Structures of Amorphous Solids
- The Verdict on Acid Rain
- ORNL's Contributions to NAPAP
- Awards and Appointments
- Educational Activities—Successful first Saturday Academy for Computing and Mathematics; photograph of Oak Ridge teacher in national magazine
- R&D Updates—ORNL waste site surveyed by mobile robot; ORNL materials aboard Ulysses space probe; ORNL procedure adopted by EPA
- Technical Highlights—Part of gene making fruit fly resistant to insecticides cloned; subtle DNA changes and trace levels of organics detected by two ORNL mass spectrometer systems; rat lung tumors targeted by ORNL's monoclonal antibodies; new theory on tokamak operations
- Technology Transfer—Optics MODIL organized; iron aluminide technology licensed to two firms
Vol. 23, No. 3, ( 1990)
ORNL's Future Missions- 2 Editorial—ORNL can help synthesize new materials, as called for by a recent National Research Council report.
- Robotics for Nuclear Reactors and Hazardous Environments
- Examining Substitutes for Ozone-Depleting Chemicals
- Mechanisms of Radon Transport
- ORNL's Future Missions
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- Educational Activities—Science and Technology Alliance; memorandums of understanding
- User Facilities—Bioprocessing Research Facility examined
- R&D Updates—New findings on attic insulation and heat loss; ORNL contributions to shaping National Energy Strategy many and varied; computation speed record attained; U.S . civil defense's ability to meet threat of nuclear winter studied; ORNL tritium sales ended; support for Operation Desert Shield
- Technical Highlights—5 R&D 100 Awards for ORNL; new concept for producing very pure therapeutic drugs continuously
- Technology Transfer—Radiation detector for groundwater licensed; new R&D agreements allowed
Vol. 23, No. 2, ( 1990)
Visualizing Scientific Data- State of the Laboratory—1989
- Scientific Visualization: New Insights by Computer
- Improving Detection of Airport Explosives
- Microwave Processing of Radioactive Waste
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
- User Facilities: The expanding Roof Research Center
- Educational Activities: Role models at ORNL for future women scientists; helping public-school science and math teachers
- Technical Highlights: Solar-powered infrared-emitting microchip being developed and tested; microbes aided by vegetation in decontaminating waste sites; revealing results of a carbon dioxide simulation model
- R&D Updates: World's longest dinosaur imaged by ORNL technique; SSC detector pre-proposal developed at ORNL; the HFIR restored to full-power operation
- Technology Transfer: Electrical solvent extraction technology, precision etching technology, and a radionuclide generator for diagnosing heart disease licensed
Vol. 23, No. 1, ( 1990)
Organ Images- Eureka! A Look at Inventing
- Iron Aluminides and the Inventor of the Year
- Human Behavior in Emergencies
- Environmental Protection in China
- Toward a One-Angstrom Electron Microscope
- ORNL's Impact on Radiation Protection Guidance
- Awards and Appointments
- Educational Activities—New initiatives pushed by President Bush, Secretary of Energy Watkins, Energy Systems, and state of Tennessee
- R&D Updates—New parallel computer at ORNL; Oak Ridge Detector Center established; effects of solar storms on U.S. electric power systems being studied
- Technical Highlights—New concept for increasing optical data storage; important human repair gene cloned; ORNL support for French fusion device; waste-managing microbes
- Technology Transfer—ORNL to collaborate with SEMATECH; computer security technology licensed
Vol. 19, No. 4, ( 1986)
- Sizing Up Contaminated Properties: A Saga of ORNL's Western Pioneers. Employees at ORNL's new office in Grand Junction, Colorado, have surveyed hundreds of radon-emitting properties for DOE's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project. The office also is responsible for several innovations that are expected to save the project millions of dollars.
- Genetic Risks of Using Ethylene Oxide. New ORNL studies on the mutagenicity of ethylene oxide in mice suggest that regulations may be needed to limit brief exposures to the gas, which is widely used by health care workers to sterilize medical supplies.
- Human Gene Therapy: A Look at a Cutting Edge of Biomedical Science. Gene therapy—implanting appropriate genes in cells to correct genetic disorders—is being considered for widespread use in humans with inherited diseases. The author, who is a member of a national committee that considers the technical, ethical, and social implications of this biomedical technology, discusses the technical merits and problems of human gene therapy and current recommendations on its future use.
- Survey Sampling: A Useful Tool for Scientific Investigation. Scientists at ORNL have used statistics and survey sampling to ensure accuracy in their research results. Examples include determining the proportion of transuranic wastes in waste mixtures and estimating the size of fish populations at various sites. The author presents a primer on conducting a survey.
- Nuclear Sleuthing at ORNL: A New Look at Neutron Activation Analysis. Scientists at ORNL have helped develop neutron-activation analysis, which has been used for 50 years to identify and quantify elements, such as uranium, in materials. They will advance the science at the expanded NAA facility at the High Flux Isotope Reactor.
- ORNL's Forays into Forensic Activation Analysis. In the 1960s ORNL activation-analysis experts helped evaluate the evidence from the Kennedy assassination and two highly publicized murder trials.
- News Notes. ORNL's involvement in CERN physics experiment; plans for ACTO, a nuclear-plant advanced controls facility; another Large Coil Test Program milestone.
- Technical Capsules. ORNL's three IR 100 award-winning projects; new method of detecting wear in motor-operated valves; designing a reactor for space.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
Vol. 19, No. 3, ( 1986)
- The Origins of Physics Research at ORNL
- The Origins of Chemical Research at ORNL
- Surface Modification Using Ion Beams and Lasers
- A View of the Surface on the Atomic Scale
- Design of High-Temperature, Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
- Materials Science Theory at ORNL
- Recent Advances in the Science of Ceramics
- Ceramics in Basic Research
- Users, Users Everywhere
- Probing Materials Using Low-Energy Neutron Beams
- ORNL's X-Ray Facility at the National Synchrotron Light Source
- The Science and Engineering of Irradiated Materials
- Theoretical Research on Solids
- Mathematical Sciences Research at ORNL
- Research in Intelligent Machines at ORNL
- Collisions of Low-Energy Multiply Charged Ions
- High-Energy Atomic Physics
- Platinized Chloroplasts: A New Bioelectronic Material Developed at ORNL
- Separation Science and Technology
- Research on High-Temperature Water Solutions
- Organic Chemistry of Coal
- Analytical Challenges in Mass Spectrometry Research
- Nuclear Physics Theory at ORNL
- Macroscopic Nuclear Physics
- Nuclear Structure of the Stressed Nucleus
- Probing Nuclei Using ORELA's Energetic Neutrons
Vol. 19, No. 2, ( 1986)
- State of the Laboratory—1985: How Service Groups Support Research. In this updated report of his February 10, 1986, address to the staff, ORNL Director Herman Postma salutes the work of the Laboratory's support and services organizations in maintaining ORNL as a high-quality research facility. Services mentioned by Postma range from computerized library services and health risk information to the fabrication of large-scale breeder test equipment. Technical highlights include the development of a novel bioelectronic photosynthetic material for water splitting, an analytical technique to aid in the design of more efficient absorption heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings, a "smarter" robot, a method of using "bugs" to liquefy coal, and a computerized ultrasonic system for mapping "hot spots" on properties in the West having radioactive uranium mill tailings. Postma also notes ORNL's award-winning achievements.
- Superconducting Magnets for Fusion Energy: The Story Behind the Six Coils. The International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility at ORNL now contains its full array of six large superconducting magnet coils. The coils were designed and built under ORNL's direction over the past 10 years by groups in Japan, Switzerland, the European Atomic Energy Community, and three U.S. firms. This article presents the story behind the coils and the status of the testing program to compare the technical performance, reliability, and economics of different coil designs that could be used to contain plasmas in fusion devices that could generate useful electrical power.
- Books. Global Energy: Assessing the Future is reviewed by Bud Perry of the Energy Division.
- News Notes. ORNL and Japan collaborate on fission R&D; isotope facilities named nuclear historic landmark; inventors honored; technology-transfer workshop sparks industrial interest.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
Vol. 19, No. 1, ( 1986)
- Civilian Reactor Power in the United States: A Strategy for ORNL
- The Next Generation of Reactors: The Nuclear Power Options Viability Study
- Nuclear Power: Who Needs It?
- Where in the World Is Nuclear Energy?
- Pressurized Thermal Shock: A Hot Issue for the Nuclear Industry?
- Reactor Safety Research: NRC Programs at ORNL
- Radioactive Waste Disposal: Technical Plans, Institutional Delays
- Automating Large-Scale Reactor Systems
- Building a Better Research Reactor: The Proposed Center for Neutron Research
- Radioisotopes from ORNL: 40 Years of Customer Satisfaction
- Editorial. The nuclear power option must be kept alive
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- News Notes. Six ORNL-UT Distinguished Scientists appointed; Voyager space probe (which is carrying an ORNL-made alloy) has close encounter with Uranus; ORNL officials tell congressional committees of budget impacts
- Books. The Nuclear Connection: A reassessment of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Proliferation_ (edited by Alvin Weinberg et al.) is reviewed
Vol. 18, No. 4, ( 1985)
- Parallel Computing at ORNL. Computer scientists are learning how to use new parallel processing machines to meet ORNL's research needs. New parallel algorithms for solving large systems of equations have been developed at ORNL.
- Protecting Human Health: The Chemical Challenge. Scientists at ORNL have developed several methods of detecting human responses to hazardous energy-related chemicals. They are using interferon as a bioeffects marker and are developing the "fluoroimmunosensor," which detects minute amounts of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in body fluids and tissues.
- The Technology Transfer Fund: A Status Report on the ORNL Projects. ORNL, DOE, and the Office of Technology Applications of Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., have committed funds to stimulate innovation and bring ORNL technologies to the stage where their commercial potential can be judged. The status of five technology-transfer projects is described.
- Pion Emission from Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions. A theorist said it couldn't be done, but nuclear physicists at ORNL's Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility accelerator have detected the emission of pions, short-lived particles that serve as the "glue" in the nucleus, from low-energy nuclear reactions. Current theory is being revised to explain how pions can be produced at unexpectedly low energies.
- Managing Hazardous Waste: ORNL Examines the Options. ORNL is playing an important role in managing the nation's defense-chemical wastes and in devising better ways of dealing with its own hazardous materials.
- Books. Chancing It: Why We Take Risks is reviewed by W. S. Lyon.
- Take a Number
- Technical Capsules. Device to measure metal deformation wins IR 100 award; technology transfer and cell freezing.
- Lab Anecdote. The story of the radiation-danger symbol.
- News Notes. ORNL Director Herman Postma talks to President Reagan; Radio Frequency Test Facility completed; Associate Director Fred Mynatt testifies on advanced reactors for space; fusion magnet facility begins 6-coil tests; Athens power-distribution experiment under way; Life Sciences Complex plans told; Cummins Engine licensing breaks new ground.
- Awards and Appointments
Vol. 18, No. 3, ( 1985)
- Fractals: Realm of Monster Curves and Irregular Solids A solid-state physicist has turned to fractals to understand the strange electrical properties of the interface between an electrode and various electrolytes. He suggests that fractals—a mathematical concept that describes a large class of irregular natural objects—could be useful in other areas of ORNL research.
- Conservation as an Energy Resource: Electricity Savings from a Utility Program What are the energy and economic impacts of a utility program in the Pacific Northwest that offered homeowners incentives to reduce electricity use? An ORNL team has completed a study of the benefits and costs of such a program.
- SPECIAL SECTION: Biotechnology at ORNL
- A Question of Impurities: ORNL Examines a Persistent Fusion Problem Bob Clausing and others at ORNL have conducted studies to determine which cleaning techniques work best to remove the most obnoxious impurities from fusion vessel walls to prevent plasma energy losses.
- Transuranium-Element Production and Research For almost two decades ORNL's High Flux lsotope Reactor (HFIR) and Transuranium Processing Plant (TRU) have produced most of the transuranium elements used by researchers in the Western world. ORNL's Transuranium Research Laboratory, where research is carried out on the HFIR-TRU products, has become an international center for collaborative research. ORNL collaboration with the University of Tennessee has been particularly strong in inorganic chemistry and solid-state physics.
- Books. Freeman Dyson's Weapons and Hope is reviewed by Jack Barkenbus
- Take a Number
- News Notes. New parallel-processing computer at ORNL; uranium wastes solidified at Laboratory; ORNL agents tested in European patients; High-Temperature Materials Laboratory inaugurated; Technology Transfer briefs
- Awards and Appointments