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![ORNL Review v22n2-3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v22n2-3.jpg)
Vol. 22, No. 2, ( 1989)
Life Sciences at ORNL Editorial Biology Research Genetics- Genetics Research in the Biology Division
- Chromosome Alterations and Cancer
- Targets for Mutagenesis
- Mouse Models of Human Genetic Disorders
- Mouse Genome Characterization
- Pursuing Biology's Holy Grail
- Radiation-Induced Cancers
- Extrapolating Cancer Risk
- In Vitro-In Vivo Models for Cancer Studies. New model systems aid understanding of cancer mechanisms
- Probing Mechanisms for Cancer Suppression. An ORNL technique improves understanding of factors that block tumor growth
- Protein Engineering
- Altering Human Epidermal Growth Factor
- DNA Repair—A Recipe for Survival. Research is zeroing in on the cell's mechanisms for self-repair
- Can the CO2 Fixation Enzyme Be Improved?
![ORNL Review v22n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v22n1.jpg)
Vol. 22, No. 1, ( 1989)
State of the Laboratory 1978-88- State of the Laboratory 1978-88: Years of Change. The upsurge in materials, energy conservation, and global environmental research and improvements in nuclear reactors are among the highlights of the 37th annual State of the Laboratory address, given recently by ORNL 's Acting Director for 1988.
- Competitiveness Begins at Home. Our new Laboratory director says cooperative efforts are crucial to making ORNL a serious competitor in world research and development.
- Market Research Aids Technology Transfer
- SIDEBAR: The MBA Experience. University of Tennessee business graduate students assist Energy Systems in market research that has led to 32licensing agreements with private firms.
- Awards and Appointments
- Books. Strategic Defense and Arms Control (eds. Alvin Weinberg, Jack Barkenbus) reviewed by David J. Bjornstad of the Energy Division; new books by ORNL authors and editors
- R&D Updates. High Flux Isotope Reactor restarted again; off-site wells being sampled; ORNL involved in "cold fusion" experiments
- Take a Number
- Technical Highlights. ORNL designs Smart House system; ORNL home energy audit tested in two states; new devices for detecting radioactivity and destroying chemical toxins in groundwater
- User Facilities. Coordinator' s office established to simplify user access
- Educational Activities. University and Educational Programs discussed by new manager
- Technology Transfer. Bee detector licensed, ORNL technology used by Commerce Park tenant, ORNL-industry agreements in materials research
![ORNL Review v18n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n4.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 4, ( 1985)
- Parallel Computing at ORNL. Computer scientists are learning how to use new parallel processing machines to meet ORNL's research needs. New parallel algorithms for solving large systems of equations have been developed at ORNL.
- Protecting Human Health: The Chemical Challenge. Scientists at ORNL have developed several methods of detecting human responses to hazardous energy-related chemicals. They are using interferon as a bioeffects marker and are developing the "fluoroimmunosensor," which detects minute amounts of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in body fluids and tissues.
- The Technology Transfer Fund: A Status Report on the ORNL Projects. ORNL, DOE, and the Office of Technology Applications of Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., have committed funds to stimulate innovation and bring ORNL technologies to the stage where their commercial potential can be judged. The status of five technology-transfer projects is described.
- Pion Emission from Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions. A theorist said it couldn't be done, but nuclear physicists at ORNL's Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility accelerator have detected the emission of pions, short-lived particles that serve as the "glue" in the nucleus, from low-energy nuclear reactions. Current theory is being revised to explain how pions can be produced at unexpectedly low energies.
- Managing Hazardous Waste: ORNL Examines the Options. ORNL is playing an important role in managing the nation's defense-chemical wastes and in devising better ways of dealing with its own hazardous materials.
- Books. Chancing It: Why We Take Risks is reviewed by W. S. Lyon.
- Take a Number
- Technical Capsules. Device to measure metal deformation wins IR 100 award; technology transfer and cell freezing.
- Lab Anecdote. The story of the radiation-danger symbol.
- News Notes. ORNL Director Herman Postma talks to President Reagan; Radio Frequency Test Facility completed; Associate Director Fred Mynatt testifies on advanced reactors for space; fusion magnet facility begins 6-coil tests; Athens power-distribution experiment under way; Life Sciences Complex plans told; Cummins Engine licensing breaks new ground.
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v18n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n3.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 3, ( 1985)
- Fractals: Realm of Monster Curves and Irregular Solids A solid-state physicist has turned to fractals to understand the strange electrical properties of the interface between an electrode and various electrolytes. He suggests that fractals—a mathematical concept that describes a large class of irregular natural objects—could be useful in other areas of ORNL research.
- Conservation as an Energy Resource: Electricity Savings from a Utility Program What are the energy and economic impacts of a utility program in the Pacific Northwest that offered homeowners incentives to reduce electricity use? An ORNL team has completed a study of the benefits and costs of such a program.
- SPECIAL SECTION: Biotechnology at ORNL
- A Question of Impurities: ORNL Examines a Persistent Fusion Problem Bob Clausing and others at ORNL have conducted studies to determine which cleaning techniques work best to remove the most obnoxious impurities from fusion vessel walls to prevent plasma energy losses.
- Transuranium-Element Production and Research For almost two decades ORNL's High Flux lsotope Reactor (HFIR) and Transuranium Processing Plant (TRU) have produced most of the transuranium elements used by researchers in the Western world. ORNL's Transuranium Research Laboratory, where research is carried out on the HFIR-TRU products, has become an international center for collaborative research. ORNL collaboration with the University of Tennessee has been particularly strong in inorganic chemistry and solid-state physics.
- Books. Freeman Dyson's Weapons and Hope is reviewed by Jack Barkenbus
- Take a Number
- News Notes. New parallel-processing computer at ORNL; uranium wastes solidified at Laboratory; ORNL agents tested in European patients; High-Temperature Materials Laboratory inaugurated; Technology Transfer briefs
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v18n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n2.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 2, ( 1985)
- State of the Laboratory- 1984: Exploring New Areas. In this updated report based on his February 5, 1985, address to the staff. Postma notes that the Laboratory's return on some investments has been remarkable. Seed money projects have brought about $4 in research funds to ORNL for every $1 invested by the internal Exploratory Studies Program. ORNL research also has helped others save money. For example, Laboratory recommendations on energy options have helped Liberia save up to $20 million annually. ORNL studies of the potential thermal shock problem of commercial nuclear reactors saved electric utilities millions of dollars.
- Crickets and Coal Liquefaction Research. Several years ago cricket eggs exposed to a chemical under study in the synthetic fuels program hatched crickets with assorted abnormalities such as an extra eye, antenna, or head. The author tells how ORNL toxicologists and analytical chemists determined that certain trace substances cause these teratogenic effects and how they eventually identified a teratogenic compound in these substances.
- Shedding Light on Molecules and Atoms: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation. ORNL researchers using the magic source of synchrotron radiation have helped to usher in a new era of photoelectron spectroscopy called photoelectron dynamics. Recently, use of this method has provided fresh answers to a number of fundamental questions on the electronic structure of small molecules and metal vapors.
- Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development. Technical innovators and entrepreneurs are receiving new respectability as a result of a growing need for technical solutions to revitalize the economy. The time has come for East Tennessee to experience new economic development because both the need and capability for innovation and entrepreneurship are present.
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- News Notes. Electron microscope for fusion studies arrives; Alvin Weinberg honored; 12,000th neutron- facility experiment performed; ORNL Hydrofracture Facility at crossroads; fish and birds studied in Antarctica; ORNL helps steel industry; Technology Transfer Briefs.
- Books. A book on nuclear facilities and earthquakes is reviewed.
- Technical Capsules. DOE to use ORNL earthquake recommendations in nuclear plant seismic standards; ORNL collaborates with Spanish team on design offusion stellarator.
![ORNL Review v18n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n1.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 1, ( 1985)
- Shooting for Fusion Energy Breakeven: Pellet Fueling Research at ORNL. ORNL scientists have developed a gun and a centrifuge accelerator to "shoot" frozen pellets of hydrogen fuel into tokamak fusion plasmas. One ORNL injector helped MIT exceed the Lawson criterion, another achieved steady-state plasma fueling, and an improved version of ORNL technology should help a Princeton tokamak's energy output equal the energy input.
- Sleuthing with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. ORNL analytical chemists helped a scientist from DOE's Savannah River Plant determine how the impurities in plutonium fuel degrade the properties of an ORNL-developed cladding alloy used for heat sources aboard spacecraft.
- The Organic Matter Base of Reservoir Food Webs: ORNL Studies the Ecology of Man-Made Lakes. What determines the biological productivity of man-made lakes? ORNL ecologists are using a variety of research approaches to address a fundamental question about large reservoirs as aquatic ecosystems.
- Disease-Causing Microbes: The Energy Connection. Heated waters and cooling towers associated with energy production can be a source of disease-causing microbes, including the Legionella bacteria responsible for the potentially fatal Legionnaires' disease. ORNL and UT researchers have discovered two new species of Legionella in artificially heated water.
- Transportation Energy Conservation: What ORNL Models and Analyses Show The demand for and price of motor fuel have fluctuated considerably in recent years. David L. Greene and ORNL's Transportation Group have followed these fluctuations closely and analyzed consumer responses to fuel price changes and more efficient cars on the market. The group also has studied how to drive to save fuel.
- Books. Technostress: The Human Cost of the Computer Revolution is reviewed.
- News Notes. New Fusion Magnet Arrives; Tritium Light Update; X-ray Beam Line at Brookhaven; Construction Begins on New Materials Lab; Technology Transfer Briefs: New Innovation Center and Patent Policy
- Take a Number
- Technical Capsules. Carbonaceous Particulate Matter; Shape Changes in Nuclei; Diesel-Related Research
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n4.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 4, ( 1983)
Articles- Fooling Mother Nature: Ion and Laser Beams Improve Materials
- High-Efficiency Beam-Processed Solar Cells
- On the Surface
- Characterizing Materials by X Rays
- Neutron Scattering in Materials Research
- Characterizing Materials by Analytical Electron Microscopy
- Solid State Physics Theory
- Design of Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
- The Theory of Alloys: From Schrodinger to the Rolling Mill
- Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys
- Marketing ORNL-made Materials
- Unique ORNL Facilities Used by Academic and Industrial Scientists
- Design of D9: A Radiation Damage-Resistant Alloy
- Materials for Fusion
- Radiation Effects in Metals and Alloys
- SPECIAL SECTION: Aging Trends in Nuclear Power Plants
- Eddy-Current Inspection of Energy-System Components
- Reactor Vessels and Safety
- Alloys for Nuclear Power Systems in Space
- Toward a High-Temperature Materials Laboratory
- Materials Technologies for Advanced Nuclear Energy Concepts
- Advanced Structural Ceramics
- Materials for Energy Conservation
- Welding Metals and Alloys
- Graphites for Space and Defense
- Corrosion Studies at ORNL
- Fossil Energy Materials Research
- Growing Single Crystals of Refractory Materials
- Editorial. Alex Zucker writes on ORNL's role in materials research.
- Lab Anecdote. Stories from the materials sciences
- Books. Tales about Metals is reviewed.
- Awards and appointments
![ORNL Review v16n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n3.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 3, ( 1983)
- Paradox of the Striped Bass: ORNL Fishes for Answers. An ocean fish is declining in marine water but thriving in fresh water, except in some lakes during the summer. That's a paradox, and so is the fact that many of the experts who understand what's going on with this coastal fish reside in the hills of East Tennessee.
- Cable-in-Conduit Superconductors: A Story of Science in the Making. The plasma fuel of fusion reactors must be confined by the fields of powerful magnets. Means for designing internally cooled superconductors for such magnets have been developed at ORNL. During the development, ORNL 's scientists encountered a few surprises.
- Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer. ORNL biologists have used these "magic bullets" produced by modern biotechnology to cure some mice with solid tumors. These products of the fusion of two types of cells show promise in treating and detecting some human cancers.
- Clean Water from Synfuels Plants. Synthetic fuel plants will need large volumes of water for the process of converting coal to oil. Water from the converted coal could be used but it is dirty. ORNL has tested a combination of processes that clean up the water enough for recycle or for discharge under anticipated regulations.
- The Staying Power of the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor. The national HTGR program has faced extinction for five years but Congress continues to save it. Because of its high-temperature heat, its potential for efficient power generation, and its excellent safety features, the HTGR concept may be too good to discard.
- Health Risks of Energy Technologies: The Experts' Views. A book edited by two ORNL researchers sheds light on this volatile issue. In an interview, the two editors discuss the results and problems of risk analyses made by the experts.
- Editorial. Herman Postma critiques the critiques of national laboratories.
- Take a Number
- Lab Anecdote. Alvin Weinberg recalls the days of the last contract change.
- Books. Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source, reviewed by Art Snell
- Technical Capsules. How Clean is indoor air? Neutron Dosimeters; Surfaces and Defects
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n2.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 2, ( 1983)
- State of the Laboratory—1982. Long-Range, High-Risk, High-Payoff R&D
- Life at the End of the Periodic Table. Scientists at ORNL's Transuranium Research Laboratory are exploring the properties of heavy, man-made elements and participating in the quest for superheavy elements.
- Neutron Scattering: A Tool to Probe Biological Structures. Neutrons from reactors can be used to determine the changes that occur in giant molecules such as genes and enzymes as their environment is altered.
- Safeguarding Reprocessing Plants (Second in a series of two articles). The internal rather than the external adversary may be more of a threat.
- Take a Number
- Books. Advances in Energy Systems and Technology, reviewed by W. Fulkerson.
- Technical Capsules: Microwave Spectrometry. Help for LMFBR Designers
- Lab Anecdote. Remembrances of a Reactor Past
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n1.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 1, ( 1983)
- A Novel Way To Grow Anaerobic Bacteria. Membrane particles from bacteria found in the human gut can remove oxygen and thus hasten the growth of useful, oxygen-shunning organisms.
- Modeling Air Pollution. Mathematical models developed at ORNL could help regions expecting new coal-burning power plants to stay in compliance with environmental regulations. The models also suggest a need far new standards that could reduce total sulfur dioxide while saving industry money.
- Fuel Reprocessing: A Futuristic Look. ORNL's Integrated Equipment Test facility embodies state-of-the-art technology.
- Hot Water District Heating for St. Paul. ORNL planted the seed, DOE nourished it with $2 million, and various levels of government, private industry, and Sweden provided the advice and money to help an exciting energy conservation project see the light of day.
- Community Incentives for Hosting Nuclear Waste Repositories. A few.guarantees and inducements might make a town more willing to accept the unwanted facility.
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- Lab Anecdote. Captain Rickover and Oak Ridge, by Herbert Pomerance
- Books. The Atomic Complex, reviewed by Herbert Inhaber; Histological Atlas of the Laboratory Mouse, reviewed by Diana Popp.
- Technical Capsules. Airborne Metals and Forests; Environmental Risk Assessment; Radionuclides as Tracers; Integrated Compartment Modeling; Advanced Reactor Shielding; Who Pays Coal Severance Taxes? Are Utility Conservation Programs Worth It? Small Pipe Breaks in Reactors
- Readers' Comments