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![ORNL Review v20n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v20n1.jpg)
Vol. 20, No. 1, ( 1987)
- The U.S.-Japan Collaboration on Breeder Fuel Reprocessing: ORNL's Role. In March 1986 the United States and Japan agreed to collaborate on developing and demonstrating breeder-reactor fuel reprocessing at a Japanese fuel-recycling pilot plant, which incorporates technology developed at ORNL. The U.S. work, mostly in remote technology, is centered at ORNL.
- National Laboratories and Science Education: The University Relations Programs at ORNL. ORNL and other national laboratories play a significant role in the education and training of university students and providing unique research experiences for university faculty. To improve science education and encourage more U.S. students to choose technical careers, ORNL has developed new programs for undergraduate and precollege education.
- ORNL Follows the Chernobyl Accident from Afar
- The Chernobyl Accident: Causes and Consequences
- Chernobyl from a Vienna Perspective: The Soviet View of the Accident
- Dynamic Analysis of the Chernobyl Accident
- Environmental Aspects of the Chernobyl Accident. When news of the Chernobyl nuclear accident was first announced in April 1986, ORNL scientists made calculations to determine about when the accident had occurred. Other ORNL scientists helped model the accident and used information on fission-product concentrations in Europe to determine the chemical conditions affecting the two releases of radioactivity from the stricken reactor. Since then, ORNL scientists have been analyzing environmental radiation data from Europe and the Soviet Union.
![ORNL Review v19n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n4.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 4, ( 1986)
- Sizing Up Contaminated Properties: A Saga of ORNL's Western Pioneers. Employees at ORNL's new office in Grand Junction, Colorado, have surveyed hundreds of radon-emitting properties for DOE's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project. The office also is responsible for several innovations that are expected to save the project millions of dollars.
- Genetic Risks of Using Ethylene Oxide. New ORNL studies on the mutagenicity of ethylene oxide in mice suggest that regulations may be needed to limit brief exposures to the gas, which is widely used by health care workers to sterilize medical supplies.
- Human Gene Therapy: A Look at a Cutting Edge of Biomedical Science. Gene therapy—implanting appropriate genes in cells to correct genetic disorders—is being considered for widespread use in humans with inherited diseases. The author, who is a member of a national committee that considers the technical, ethical, and social implications of this biomedical technology, discusses the technical merits and problems of human gene therapy and current recommendations on its future use.
- Survey Sampling: A Useful Tool for Scientific Investigation. Scientists at ORNL have used statistics and survey sampling to ensure accuracy in their research results. Examples include determining the proportion of transuranic wastes in waste mixtures and estimating the size of fish populations at various sites. The author presents a primer on conducting a survey.
- Nuclear Sleuthing at ORNL: A New Look at Neutron Activation Analysis. Scientists at ORNL have helped develop neutron-activation analysis, which has been used for 50 years to identify and quantify elements, such as uranium, in materials. They will advance the science at the expanded NAA facility at the High Flux Isotope Reactor.
- ORNL's Forays into Forensic Activation Analysis. In the 1960s ORNL activation-analysis experts helped evaluate the evidence from the Kennedy assassination and two highly publicized murder trials.
- News Notes. ORNL's involvement in CERN physics experiment; plans for ACTO, a nuclear-plant advanced controls facility; another Large Coil Test Program milestone.
- Technical Capsules. ORNL's three IR 100 award-winning projects; new method of detecting wear in motor-operated valves; designing a reactor for space.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v19n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n3.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 3, ( 1986)
- The Origins of Physics Research at ORNL
- The Origins of Chemical Research at ORNL
- Surface Modification Using Ion Beams and Lasers
- A View of the Surface on the Atomic Scale
- Design of High-Temperature, Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
- Materials Science Theory at ORNL
- Recent Advances in the Science of Ceramics
- Ceramics in Basic Research
- Users, Users Everywhere
- Probing Materials Using Low-Energy Neutron Beams
- ORNL's X-Ray Facility at the National Synchrotron Light Source
- The Science and Engineering of Irradiated Materials
- Theoretical Research on Solids
- Mathematical Sciences Research at ORNL
- Research in Intelligent Machines at ORNL
- Collisions of Low-Energy Multiply Charged Ions
- High-Energy Atomic Physics
- Platinized Chloroplasts: A New Bioelectronic Material Developed at ORNL
- Separation Science and Technology
- Research on High-Temperature Water Solutions
- Organic Chemistry of Coal
- Analytical Challenges in Mass Spectrometry Research
- Nuclear Physics Theory at ORNL
- Macroscopic Nuclear Physics
- Nuclear Structure of the Stressed Nucleus
- Probing Nuclei Using ORELA's Energetic Neutrons
![ORNL Review v19n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n2.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 2, ( 1986)
- State of the Laboratory—1985: How Service Groups Support Research. In this updated report of his February 10, 1986, address to the staff, ORNL Director Herman Postma salutes the work of the Laboratory's support and services organizations in maintaining ORNL as a high-quality research facility. Services mentioned by Postma range from computerized library services and health risk information to the fabrication of large-scale breeder test equipment. Technical highlights include the development of a novel bioelectronic photosynthetic material for water splitting, an analytical technique to aid in the design of more efficient absorption heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings, a "smarter" robot, a method of using "bugs" to liquefy coal, and a computerized ultrasonic system for mapping "hot spots" on properties in the West having radioactive uranium mill tailings. Postma also notes ORNL's award-winning achievements.
- Superconducting Magnets for Fusion Energy: The Story Behind the Six Coils. The International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility at ORNL now contains its full array of six large superconducting magnet coils. The coils were designed and built under ORNL's direction over the past 10 years by groups in Japan, Switzerland, the European Atomic Energy Community, and three U.S. firms. This article presents the story behind the coils and the status of the testing program to compare the technical performance, reliability, and economics of different coil designs that could be used to contain plasmas in fusion devices that could generate useful electrical power.
- Books. Global Energy: Assessing the Future is reviewed by Bud Perry of the Energy Division.
- News Notes. ORNL and Japan collaborate on fission R&D; isotope facilities named nuclear historic landmark; inventors honored; technology-transfer workshop sparks industrial interest.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v19n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n1.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 1, ( 1986)
- Civilian Reactor Power in the United States: A Strategy for ORNL
- The Next Generation of Reactors: The Nuclear Power Options Viability Study
- Nuclear Power: Who Needs It?
- Where in the World Is Nuclear Energy?
- Pressurized Thermal Shock: A Hot Issue for the Nuclear Industry?
- Reactor Safety Research: NRC Programs at ORNL
- Radioactive Waste Disposal: Technical Plans, Institutional Delays
- Automating Large-Scale Reactor Systems
- Building a Better Research Reactor: The Proposed Center for Neutron Research
- Radioisotopes from ORNL: 40 Years of Customer Satisfaction
- Editorial. The nuclear power option must be kept alive
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- News Notes. Six ORNL-UT Distinguished Scientists appointed; Voyager space probe (which is carrying an ORNL-made alloy) has close encounter with Uranus; ORNL officials tell congressional committees of budget impacts
- Books. The Nuclear Connection: A reassessment of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Proliferation_ (edited by Alvin Weinberg et al.) is reviewed
![ORNL Review v16n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n4.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 4, ( 1983)
Articles- Fooling Mother Nature: Ion and Laser Beams Improve Materials
- High-Efficiency Beam-Processed Solar Cells
- On the Surface
- Characterizing Materials by X Rays
- Neutron Scattering in Materials Research
- Characterizing Materials by Analytical Electron Microscopy
- Solid State Physics Theory
- Design of Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
- The Theory of Alloys: From Schrodinger to the Rolling Mill
- Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys
- Marketing ORNL-made Materials
- Unique ORNL Facilities Used by Academic and Industrial Scientists
- Design of D9: A Radiation Damage-Resistant Alloy
- Materials for Fusion
- Radiation Effects in Metals and Alloys
- SPECIAL SECTION: Aging Trends in Nuclear Power Plants
- Eddy-Current Inspection of Energy-System Components
- Reactor Vessels and Safety
- Alloys for Nuclear Power Systems in Space
- Toward a High-Temperature Materials Laboratory
- Materials Technologies for Advanced Nuclear Energy Concepts
- Advanced Structural Ceramics
- Materials for Energy Conservation
- Welding Metals and Alloys
- Graphites for Space and Defense
- Corrosion Studies at ORNL
- Fossil Energy Materials Research
- Growing Single Crystals of Refractory Materials
- Editorial. Alex Zucker writes on ORNL's role in materials research.
- Lab Anecdote. Stories from the materials sciences
- Books. Tales about Metals is reviewed.
- Awards and appointments
![ORNL Review v16n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n3.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 3, ( 1983)
- Paradox of the Striped Bass: ORNL Fishes for Answers. An ocean fish is declining in marine water but thriving in fresh water, except in some lakes during the summer. That's a paradox, and so is the fact that many of the experts who understand what's going on with this coastal fish reside in the hills of East Tennessee.
- Cable-in-Conduit Superconductors: A Story of Science in the Making. The plasma fuel of fusion reactors must be confined by the fields of powerful magnets. Means for designing internally cooled superconductors for such magnets have been developed at ORNL. During the development, ORNL 's scientists encountered a few surprises.
- Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer. ORNL biologists have used these "magic bullets" produced by modern biotechnology to cure some mice with solid tumors. These products of the fusion of two types of cells show promise in treating and detecting some human cancers.
- Clean Water from Synfuels Plants. Synthetic fuel plants will need large volumes of water for the process of converting coal to oil. Water from the converted coal could be used but it is dirty. ORNL has tested a combination of processes that clean up the water enough for recycle or for discharge under anticipated regulations.
- The Staying Power of the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor. The national HTGR program has faced extinction for five years but Congress continues to save it. Because of its high-temperature heat, its potential for efficient power generation, and its excellent safety features, the HTGR concept may be too good to discard.
- Health Risks of Energy Technologies: The Experts' Views. A book edited by two ORNL researchers sheds light on this volatile issue. In an interview, the two editors discuss the results and problems of risk analyses made by the experts.
- Editorial. Herman Postma critiques the critiques of national laboratories.
- Take a Number
- Lab Anecdote. Alvin Weinberg recalls the days of the last contract change.
- Books. Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source, reviewed by Art Snell
- Technical Capsules. How Clean is indoor air? Neutron Dosimeters; Surfaces and Defects
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n2.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 2, ( 1983)
- State of the Laboratory—1982. Long-Range, High-Risk, High-Payoff R&D
- Life at the End of the Periodic Table. Scientists at ORNL's Transuranium Research Laboratory are exploring the properties of heavy, man-made elements and participating in the quest for superheavy elements.
- Neutron Scattering: A Tool to Probe Biological Structures. Neutrons from reactors can be used to determine the changes that occur in giant molecules such as genes and enzymes as their environment is altered.
- Safeguarding Reprocessing Plants (Second in a series of two articles). The internal rather than the external adversary may be more of a threat.
- Take a Number
- Books. Advances in Energy Systems and Technology, reviewed by W. Fulkerson.
- Technical Capsules: Microwave Spectrometry. Help for LMFBR Designers
- Lab Anecdote. Remembrances of a Reactor Past
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n1.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 1, ( 1983)
- A Novel Way To Grow Anaerobic Bacteria. Membrane particles from bacteria found in the human gut can remove oxygen and thus hasten the growth of useful, oxygen-shunning organisms.
- Modeling Air Pollution. Mathematical models developed at ORNL could help regions expecting new coal-burning power plants to stay in compliance with environmental regulations. The models also suggest a need far new standards that could reduce total sulfur dioxide while saving industry money.
- Fuel Reprocessing: A Futuristic Look. ORNL's Integrated Equipment Test facility embodies state-of-the-art technology.
- Hot Water District Heating for St. Paul. ORNL planted the seed, DOE nourished it with $2 million, and various levels of government, private industry, and Sweden provided the advice and money to help an exciting energy conservation project see the light of day.
- Community Incentives for Hosting Nuclear Waste Repositories. A few.guarantees and inducements might make a town more willing to accept the unwanted facility.
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- Lab Anecdote. Captain Rickover and Oak Ridge, by Herbert Pomerance
- Books. The Atomic Complex, reviewed by Herbert Inhaber; Histological Atlas of the Laboratory Mouse, reviewed by Diana Popp.
- Technical Capsules. Airborne Metals and Forests; Environmental Risk Assessment; Radionuclides as Tracers; Integrated Compartment Modeling; Advanced Reactor Shielding; Who Pays Coal Severance Taxes? Are Utility Conservation Programs Worth It? Small Pipe Breaks in Reactors
- Readers' Comments
![ORNL Review v3n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v3n2.jpg)
Vol. 3, No. 2, ( 1969)
- The Chemistry of Man
- The Consulting Statistician: Who Needs Him?
- 25 Years of Creative Support. The history of the growth of Plant and Equipment into ORNL's largest division
- Benefits vs. Risks in Nuclear Power. A logical, facts-and-figures comment on the current anti-atom literature
- The INOR-8 STORY
- AMW Comments
- Books. Black Rain, by Masuji Ibuse; The Game of Science, by Garvin McCain and Erwin M. Segal