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![ORNL Review v22n2-3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v22n2-3.jpg)
Vol. 22, No. 2, ( 1989)
Life Sciences at ORNL Editorial Biology Research Genetics- Genetics Research in the Biology Division
- Chromosome Alterations and Cancer
- Targets for Mutagenesis
- Mouse Models of Human Genetic Disorders
- Mouse Genome Characterization
- Pursuing Biology's Holy Grail
- Radiation-Induced Cancers
- Extrapolating Cancer Risk
- In Vitro-In Vivo Models for Cancer Studies. New model systems aid understanding of cancer mechanisms
- Probing Mechanisms for Cancer Suppression. An ORNL technique improves understanding of factors that block tumor growth
- Protein Engineering
- Altering Human Epidermal Growth Factor
- DNA Repair—A Recipe for Survival. Research is zeroing in on the cell's mechanisms for self-repair
- Can the CO2 Fixation Enzyme Be Improved?
![ORNL Review v22n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v22n1.jpg)
Vol. 22, No. 1, ( 1989)
State of the Laboratory 1978-88- State of the Laboratory 1978-88: Years of Change. The upsurge in materials, energy conservation, and global environmental research and improvements in nuclear reactors are among the highlights of the 37th annual State of the Laboratory address, given recently by ORNL 's Acting Director for 1988.
- Competitiveness Begins at Home. Our new Laboratory director says cooperative efforts are crucial to making ORNL a serious competitor in world research and development.
- Market Research Aids Technology Transfer
- SIDEBAR: The MBA Experience. University of Tennessee business graduate students assist Energy Systems in market research that has led to 32licensing agreements with private firms.
- Awards and Appointments
- Books. Strategic Defense and Arms Control (eds. Alvin Weinberg, Jack Barkenbus) reviewed by David J. Bjornstad of the Energy Division; new books by ORNL authors and editors
- R&D Updates. High Flux Isotope Reactor restarted again; off-site wells being sampled; ORNL involved in "cold fusion" experiments
- Take a Number
- Technical Highlights. ORNL designs Smart House system; ORNL home energy audit tested in two states; new devices for detecting radioactivity and destroying chemical toxins in groundwater
- User Facilities. Coordinator' s office established to simplify user access
- Educational Activities. University and Educational Programs discussed by new manager
- Technology Transfer. Bee detector licensed, ORNL technology used by Commerce Park tenant, ORNL-industry agreements in materials research
![ORNL Review v19n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n4.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 4, ( 1986)
- Sizing Up Contaminated Properties: A Saga of ORNL's Western Pioneers. Employees at ORNL's new office in Grand Junction, Colorado, have surveyed hundreds of radon-emitting properties for DOE's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project. The office also is responsible for several innovations that are expected to save the project millions of dollars.
- Genetic Risks of Using Ethylene Oxide. New ORNL studies on the mutagenicity of ethylene oxide in mice suggest that regulations may be needed to limit brief exposures to the gas, which is widely used by health care workers to sterilize medical supplies.
- Human Gene Therapy: A Look at a Cutting Edge of Biomedical Science. Gene therapy—implanting appropriate genes in cells to correct genetic disorders—is being considered for widespread use in humans with inherited diseases. The author, who is a member of a national committee that considers the technical, ethical, and social implications of this biomedical technology, discusses the technical merits and problems of human gene therapy and current recommendations on its future use.
- Survey Sampling: A Useful Tool for Scientific Investigation. Scientists at ORNL have used statistics and survey sampling to ensure accuracy in their research results. Examples include determining the proportion of transuranic wastes in waste mixtures and estimating the size of fish populations at various sites. The author presents a primer on conducting a survey.
- Nuclear Sleuthing at ORNL: A New Look at Neutron Activation Analysis. Scientists at ORNL have helped develop neutron-activation analysis, which has been used for 50 years to identify and quantify elements, such as uranium, in materials. They will advance the science at the expanded NAA facility at the High Flux Isotope Reactor.
- ORNL's Forays into Forensic Activation Analysis. In the 1960s ORNL activation-analysis experts helped evaluate the evidence from the Kennedy assassination and two highly publicized murder trials.
- News Notes. ORNL's involvement in CERN physics experiment; plans for ACTO, a nuclear-plant advanced controls facility; another Large Coil Test Program milestone.
- Technical Capsules. ORNL's three IR 100 award-winning projects; new method of detecting wear in motor-operated valves; designing a reactor for space.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v19n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n3.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 3, ( 1986)
- The Origins of Physics Research at ORNL
- The Origins of Chemical Research at ORNL
- Surface Modification Using Ion Beams and Lasers
- A View of the Surface on the Atomic Scale
- Design of High-Temperature, Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
- Materials Science Theory at ORNL
- Recent Advances in the Science of Ceramics
- Ceramics in Basic Research
- Users, Users Everywhere
- Probing Materials Using Low-Energy Neutron Beams
- ORNL's X-Ray Facility at the National Synchrotron Light Source
- The Science and Engineering of Irradiated Materials
- Theoretical Research on Solids
- Mathematical Sciences Research at ORNL
- Research in Intelligent Machines at ORNL
- Collisions of Low-Energy Multiply Charged Ions
- High-Energy Atomic Physics
- Platinized Chloroplasts: A New Bioelectronic Material Developed at ORNL
- Separation Science and Technology
- Research on High-Temperature Water Solutions
- Organic Chemistry of Coal
- Analytical Challenges in Mass Spectrometry Research
- Nuclear Physics Theory at ORNL
- Macroscopic Nuclear Physics
- Nuclear Structure of the Stressed Nucleus
- Probing Nuclei Using ORELA's Energetic Neutrons
![ORNL Review v19n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n2.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 2, ( 1986)
- State of the Laboratory—1985: How Service Groups Support Research. In this updated report of his February 10, 1986, address to the staff, ORNL Director Herman Postma salutes the work of the Laboratory's support and services organizations in maintaining ORNL as a high-quality research facility. Services mentioned by Postma range from computerized library services and health risk information to the fabrication of large-scale breeder test equipment. Technical highlights include the development of a novel bioelectronic photosynthetic material for water splitting, an analytical technique to aid in the design of more efficient absorption heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings, a "smarter" robot, a method of using "bugs" to liquefy coal, and a computerized ultrasonic system for mapping "hot spots" on properties in the West having radioactive uranium mill tailings. Postma also notes ORNL's award-winning achievements.
- Superconducting Magnets for Fusion Energy: The Story Behind the Six Coils. The International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility at ORNL now contains its full array of six large superconducting magnet coils. The coils were designed and built under ORNL's direction over the past 10 years by groups in Japan, Switzerland, the European Atomic Energy Community, and three U.S. firms. This article presents the story behind the coils and the status of the testing program to compare the technical performance, reliability, and economics of different coil designs that could be used to contain plasmas in fusion devices that could generate useful electrical power.
- Books. Global Energy: Assessing the Future is reviewed by Bud Perry of the Energy Division.
- News Notes. ORNL and Japan collaborate on fission R&D; isotope facilities named nuclear historic landmark; inventors honored; technology-transfer workshop sparks industrial interest.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v19n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n1.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 1, ( 1986)
- Civilian Reactor Power in the United States: A Strategy for ORNL
- The Next Generation of Reactors: The Nuclear Power Options Viability Study
- Nuclear Power: Who Needs It?
- Where in the World Is Nuclear Energy?
- Pressurized Thermal Shock: A Hot Issue for the Nuclear Industry?
- Reactor Safety Research: NRC Programs at ORNL
- Radioactive Waste Disposal: Technical Plans, Institutional Delays
- Automating Large-Scale Reactor Systems
- Building a Better Research Reactor: The Proposed Center for Neutron Research
- Radioisotopes from ORNL: 40 Years of Customer Satisfaction
- Editorial. The nuclear power option must be kept alive
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- News Notes. Six ORNL-UT Distinguished Scientists appointed; Voyager space probe (which is carrying an ORNL-made alloy) has close encounter with Uranus; ORNL officials tell congressional committees of budget impacts
- Books. The Nuclear Connection: A reassessment of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Proliferation_ (edited by Alvin Weinberg et al.) is reviewed
![ORNL Review v17n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v17n4.jpg)
Vol. 17, No. 4, ( 1984)
- Acid Rain and Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Pollutants: ORNL Studies the Effects. Acidic precipitation and atmospheric deposition may be involved in the decline of some forests and in the elevation of aluminum levels in streams. ORNL researchers play an important role in pinpointing the effects of atmospheric pollutants on vegetation, fish, and surface waters.
- Photosynthetic Water Splitting. Using light and algae or nonliving systems, ORNL scientists have photosynthetically split water into oxygen and hydrogen, a clean fuel and chemical feedstock.
- Simulating Processes Within the Earth: Experimental Geochemistry at ORNL. Geochemists at ORNL are using unique devices to simulate in a very short time the chemical processes that form rocks and minerals. The basic research may help solve problems affecting geothermal power, nuclear waste isolation, and exploration for ores and natural gas.
- Drinking Water and Cardiovascular Disease. An epidemiological study of Wisconsin farmers indicates that persons with cardiovascular disease drink softer water than persons without the disease.
- Environmental and Health Impacts of Water Chlorination. ORNL chemist Bob Jolley was the first to identify potentially hazardous organic compounds formed by adding chlorine to wastewater. He has also led an effort to identify drinking water compounds that cause thyroid disease.
- Groundwater Pollution: Environmental and Legal Problems. A book edited by two ORNL researchers discusses the implications of groundwater pollution caused by human discharges of synthetic chemicals. ORNL scientists' attempts to monitor and prevent deteriorative groundwater quality are explored.
- From the Editor. Water is this issue's theme
- Books. E. G. Silver reviews Before It's Too Late: A Scientist's Case for Nuclear Energy.
- Take a Number
- Technical Capsules Structure of water studied; Iodine hydrolysis and reactors; ORNL has four IR 100 winners
- Awards and Appointments
- Reader's Comment
![ORNL Review v17n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v17n3.jpg)
Vol. 17, No. 3, ( 1984)
- New Agents To Detect Heart Disease. ORNL's Nuclear Medicine Group has designed and developed radioactive agents for safely and more clearly evaluating heart disease and the effectiveness of therapy. These agents include iodine-123-labeled methyl-branched fatty acids. The group has also developed an improved iridium-191m generator to diagnose heart problems in children. The methyl-branched fatty acids will be tested this year in human patients in Boston and Vienna, and the generator has just entered clinical trials in Europe.
- The Advanced Toroidal Facility: Improving Fusion's Chances . Because further improvements in doughnut-shaped, or toroidal, fusion devices are desirable, ORNL has designed an Advanced Toroidol Facility (ATF). An optimized version of a stellarator (which differs from a tokamak in that it lacks a plasma current to magnetically confine the fusion fuel), the ATF will be built in Oak Ridge and is scheduled to begin operation in late 1986.
- SPECIAL SECTION: Technology for Efficient Power Systems. ORNL is managing the Department of Energy program for developing and testing technologies designed to make electric power systems safer, more reliable, and more efficient. ORNL's interdisciplinary staff of experts has taken on a variety of projects, including planning an automated distribution experiment for Athens, Tennessee, and developing a fiber optics measurement device, low-loss steel alloy, and new insulating materials for use in transformers.
- The Oak Ridge Environment: A Resource To Be Managed. A five-year plan for managing the resources of the Oak Ridge Reservation of the Department of Energy has been developed at ORNL The plan, which is described in the third in a series of articles on ORNL and the environment, deals with both natural and technical resources and provides the means for resolving resource issues such as endangered plant species, contaminated sewage sludge, and the fast-growing deer population.
- Books. William S. Lyon reviews two books about success in science.
- Technical Capsules. Diamonds Can Measure Very Short Times; New Way To Identify Environmental Carcinogens; Quest for Quicksilver in Local Lakes
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
![ORNL Review v17n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v17n2.jpg)
Vol. 17, No. 2, ( 1984)
- State of the Laboratory—1983 In the following updated report based on his January 31, 1984, address to staff, Herman Postma discusses technical achievements related to global environmental concerns, an improved alloy for artificial hip joints, human problems of abandoned mine lands, magnets for fusion, the Breeder Reprocessing Engineering Test, altering an enzyme to improve crop yields, radiation effects on matter, diagnosing heart disease in children, measuring indoor air pollution, protecting high-voltage lines, measuring fission product release from reactor fuel, new applications of lasers, and fusion plasma fueling.
- Making R&D Pay Off: How ORNL Interacts with Industry. Recently the federal government has removed impediments to the transfer of government-sponsored technology to industry. As a result, ORNL has new staff consulting and patent policies and has established a fund to promote technology transfer. Efforts also have been made by the federal government, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and ORNL to stimulate and support the creation of small businesses to help the economy.
- Communicating Health Risks to the Public. The public is worried about low-level effects of environmental agents on health. Its perception of the health risks involved, however, is often different from the actual risks. The scientific establishment, the new media, and culturally ingrained fears and expectations may well be responsible for this discrepancy. That was the consensus of a recent workshop on communicating risks.
- ORNL and the Environment: Views of State and Federal Regulations. In 1983 the State of Tennessee sought for the first time to acquire the right to regulate ORNL's discharges to the environment. Recently the state conducted a compliance evaluation inspection and recommended that ORNL take action to solve its environmental problems. In this second part of a series, the authors discuss steps that ORNL is taking to respond to the inspection report and the legal issues pertaining to environmental management at the Laboratory.
- Take a Number
- Books. William S. Lyon reviews Betrayers of the Truth by William Broad and Nicholas Wade. Books in print edited by ORNL staff members are listed.
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v17n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v17n1.jpg)
Vol. 17, No. 1, ( 1984)
- How Does ORNL Affect the Environment? ORNL's day-to-day operations for the most part have a beneficial effect on the human environment, although the impacts of its primary product—new scientific and technological information—are speculative. Slightly adverse impacts arise from releases of toxic materials from research activities; however, none of these releases is a threat to human health.
- Building a Better Ion Trap: Atomic Physicists Study Recoil Ions. A new technique developed at ORNL under the leadership of two university professors traps ions of very low energies. This "recoil ion storage" technique permits studies of the transfer of electrons from atoms during collisions with multicharged, low-energy ions and opens the way to future precision spectroscopy experiments on ions.
- The Mathematics of Artificial Intelligence. Mathematicians at ORNL are applying the principles of artificial intelligence to energy-related problems. Their goals include designing an economical, energy-efficient solar house and programming a robot to avoid obstacles so that it can operate in a hazardous environment, such as a nuclear reprocessing plant.
- Predicting Metal-Ion Toxicity: A Collaboration of ORNL Physicists and Biologists. ORNL physicists and biologists are collaborating in a search for fundamental explanations of the toxic effects of metal ions in biological systems. Their goal is to predict the degree of toxicity of metal ions and other chemical pollutants
- Sol-Gel and Gel-Sphere Technology: Powders for Power. Sol-gel technology, developed over a 25-year period at ORNL, has been used to make spherical, beadlike particles for nuclear reactor fuels. Today industry is showing interest in the technology for making ceramics of uniform composition for electronic and other nonnuclear applications. A researcher involved in the development of the prizewinning technology tells its history.
- Editorial. Herman Postma speaks out on ORNL and the environment.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
- Books. William S. Lyon reviews The Information Society as Post Industrial Society by Yoneji Masuda
- Four-Year Index