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![ORNL Review v18n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n2.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 2, ( 1985)
- State of the Laboratory- 1984: Exploring New Areas. In this updated report based on his February 5, 1985, address to the staff. Postma notes that the Laboratory's return on some investments has been remarkable. Seed money projects have brought about $4 in research funds to ORNL for every $1 invested by the internal Exploratory Studies Program. ORNL research also has helped others save money. For example, Laboratory recommendations on energy options have helped Liberia save up to $20 million annually. ORNL studies of the potential thermal shock problem of commercial nuclear reactors saved electric utilities millions of dollars.
- Crickets and Coal Liquefaction Research. Several years ago cricket eggs exposed to a chemical under study in the synthetic fuels program hatched crickets with assorted abnormalities such as an extra eye, antenna, or head. The author tells how ORNL toxicologists and analytical chemists determined that certain trace substances cause these teratogenic effects and how they eventually identified a teratogenic compound in these substances.
- Shedding Light on Molecules and Atoms: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation. ORNL researchers using the magic source of synchrotron radiation have helped to usher in a new era of photoelectron spectroscopy called photoelectron dynamics. Recently, use of this method has provided fresh answers to a number of fundamental questions on the electronic structure of small molecules and metal vapors.
- Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development. Technical innovators and entrepreneurs are receiving new respectability as a result of a growing need for technical solutions to revitalize the economy. The time has come for East Tennessee to experience new economic development because both the need and capability for innovation and entrepreneurship are present.
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- News Notes. Electron microscope for fusion studies arrives; Alvin Weinberg honored; 12,000th neutron- facility experiment performed; ORNL Hydrofracture Facility at crossroads; fish and birds studied in Antarctica; ORNL helps steel industry; Technology Transfer Briefs.
- Books. A book on nuclear facilities and earthquakes is reviewed.
- Technical Capsules. DOE to use ORNL earthquake recommendations in nuclear plant seismic standards; ORNL collaborates with Spanish team on design offusion stellarator.
![ORNL Review v18n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n1.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 1, ( 1985)
- Shooting for Fusion Energy Breakeven: Pellet Fueling Research at ORNL. ORNL scientists have developed a gun and a centrifuge accelerator to "shoot" frozen pellets of hydrogen fuel into tokamak fusion plasmas. One ORNL injector helped MIT exceed the Lawson criterion, another achieved steady-state plasma fueling, and an improved version of ORNL technology should help a Princeton tokamak's energy output equal the energy input.
- Sleuthing with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. ORNL analytical chemists helped a scientist from DOE's Savannah River Plant determine how the impurities in plutonium fuel degrade the properties of an ORNL-developed cladding alloy used for heat sources aboard spacecraft.
- The Organic Matter Base of Reservoir Food Webs: ORNL Studies the Ecology of Man-Made Lakes. What determines the biological productivity of man-made lakes? ORNL ecologists are using a variety of research approaches to address a fundamental question about large reservoirs as aquatic ecosystems.
- Disease-Causing Microbes: The Energy Connection. Heated waters and cooling towers associated with energy production can be a source of disease-causing microbes, including the Legionella bacteria responsible for the potentially fatal Legionnaires' disease. ORNL and UT researchers have discovered two new species of Legionella in artificially heated water.
- Transportation Energy Conservation: What ORNL Models and Analyses Show The demand for and price of motor fuel have fluctuated considerably in recent years. David L. Greene and ORNL's Transportation Group have followed these fluctuations closely and analyzed consumer responses to fuel price changes and more efficient cars on the market. The group also has studied how to drive to save fuel.
- Books. Technostress: The Human Cost of the Computer Revolution is reviewed.
- News Notes. New Fusion Magnet Arrives; Tritium Light Update; X-ray Beam Line at Brookhaven; Construction Begins on New Materials Lab; Technology Transfer Briefs: New Innovation Center and Patent Policy
- Take a Number
- Technical Capsules. Carbonaceous Particulate Matter; Shape Changes in Nuclei; Diesel-Related Research
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n4.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 4, ( 1983)
Articles- Fooling Mother Nature: Ion and Laser Beams Improve Materials
- High-Efficiency Beam-Processed Solar Cells
- On the Surface
- Characterizing Materials by X Rays
- Neutron Scattering in Materials Research
- Characterizing Materials by Analytical Electron Microscopy
- Solid State Physics Theory
- Design of Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
- The Theory of Alloys: From Schrodinger to the Rolling Mill
- Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys
- Marketing ORNL-made Materials
- Unique ORNL Facilities Used by Academic and Industrial Scientists
- Design of D9: A Radiation Damage-Resistant Alloy
- Materials for Fusion
- Radiation Effects in Metals and Alloys
- SPECIAL SECTION: Aging Trends in Nuclear Power Plants
- Eddy-Current Inspection of Energy-System Components
- Reactor Vessels and Safety
- Alloys for Nuclear Power Systems in Space
- Toward a High-Temperature Materials Laboratory
- Materials Technologies for Advanced Nuclear Energy Concepts
- Advanced Structural Ceramics
- Materials for Energy Conservation
- Welding Metals and Alloys
- Graphites for Space and Defense
- Corrosion Studies at ORNL
- Fossil Energy Materials Research
- Growing Single Crystals of Refractory Materials
- Editorial. Alex Zucker writes on ORNL's role in materials research.
- Lab Anecdote. Stories from the materials sciences
- Books. Tales about Metals is reviewed.
- Awards and appointments
![ORNL Review v16n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n3.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 3, ( 1983)
- Paradox of the Striped Bass: ORNL Fishes for Answers. An ocean fish is declining in marine water but thriving in fresh water, except in some lakes during the summer. That's a paradox, and so is the fact that many of the experts who understand what's going on with this coastal fish reside in the hills of East Tennessee.
- Cable-in-Conduit Superconductors: A Story of Science in the Making. The plasma fuel of fusion reactors must be confined by the fields of powerful magnets. Means for designing internally cooled superconductors for such magnets have been developed at ORNL. During the development, ORNL 's scientists encountered a few surprises.
- Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer. ORNL biologists have used these "magic bullets" produced by modern biotechnology to cure some mice with solid tumors. These products of the fusion of two types of cells show promise in treating and detecting some human cancers.
- Clean Water from Synfuels Plants. Synthetic fuel plants will need large volumes of water for the process of converting coal to oil. Water from the converted coal could be used but it is dirty. ORNL has tested a combination of processes that clean up the water enough for recycle or for discharge under anticipated regulations.
- The Staying Power of the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor. The national HTGR program has faced extinction for five years but Congress continues to save it. Because of its high-temperature heat, its potential for efficient power generation, and its excellent safety features, the HTGR concept may be too good to discard.
- Health Risks of Energy Technologies: The Experts' Views. A book edited by two ORNL researchers sheds light on this volatile issue. In an interview, the two editors discuss the results and problems of risk analyses made by the experts.
- Editorial. Herman Postma critiques the critiques of national laboratories.
- Take a Number
- Lab Anecdote. Alvin Weinberg recalls the days of the last contract change.
- Books. Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source, reviewed by Art Snell
- Technical Capsules. How Clean is indoor air? Neutron Dosimeters; Surfaces and Defects
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n2.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 2, ( 1983)
- State of the Laboratory—1982. Long-Range, High-Risk, High-Payoff R&D
- Life at the End of the Periodic Table. Scientists at ORNL's Transuranium Research Laboratory are exploring the properties of heavy, man-made elements and participating in the quest for superheavy elements.
- Neutron Scattering: A Tool to Probe Biological Structures. Neutrons from reactors can be used to determine the changes that occur in giant molecules such as genes and enzymes as their environment is altered.
- Safeguarding Reprocessing Plants (Second in a series of two articles). The internal rather than the external adversary may be more of a threat.
- Take a Number
- Books. Advances in Energy Systems and Technology, reviewed by W. Fulkerson.
- Technical Capsules: Microwave Spectrometry. Help for LMFBR Designers
- Lab Anecdote. Remembrances of a Reactor Past
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v16n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v16n1.jpg)
Vol. 16, No. 1, ( 1983)
- A Novel Way To Grow Anaerobic Bacteria. Membrane particles from bacteria found in the human gut can remove oxygen and thus hasten the growth of useful, oxygen-shunning organisms.
- Modeling Air Pollution. Mathematical models developed at ORNL could help regions expecting new coal-burning power plants to stay in compliance with environmental regulations. The models also suggest a need far new standards that could reduce total sulfur dioxide while saving industry money.
- Fuel Reprocessing: A Futuristic Look. ORNL's Integrated Equipment Test facility embodies state-of-the-art technology.
- Hot Water District Heating for St. Paul. ORNL planted the seed, DOE nourished it with $2 million, and various levels of government, private industry, and Sweden provided the advice and money to help an exciting energy conservation project see the light of day.
- Community Incentives for Hosting Nuclear Waste Repositories. A few.guarantees and inducements might make a town more willing to accept the unwanted facility.
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- Lab Anecdote. Captain Rickover and Oak Ridge, by Herbert Pomerance
- Books. The Atomic Complex, reviewed by Herbert Inhaber; Histological Atlas of the Laboratory Mouse, reviewed by Diana Popp.
- Technical Capsules. Airborne Metals and Forests; Environmental Risk Assessment; Radionuclides as Tracers; Integrated Compartment Modeling; Advanced Reactor Shielding; Who Pays Coal Severance Taxes? Are Utility Conservation Programs Worth It? Small Pipe Breaks in Reactors
- Readers' Comments
![ORNL Review v15n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v15n4.jpg)
Vol. 15, No. 4, ( 1982)
- Silver Recovery from ORNL Wastes
- UNISOR: The First Decade
- Minerals in the Wilderness: How Important Are They?
- Editorial
- Take a Number
- Books. Polywater; Resources and Development
- Readers Comments
- Information Meeting Highlights Flywheel Evaluation, Coal vs Nuclear Costs, Tokamaks: Results and Plans, ELMO Bumpy Torus: An Update, Mechanisms of Metal Fracture, Laser Annealing and Melting, Superconductivity and Magnetism
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v15n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v15n3.jpg)
Vol. 15, No. 3, ( 1982)
- Editorial
- Energy Transitions
- Electricity: Faithful Servant at the Flip of a Switch
- Four Decades of ORNL Achievements
- Technology for Health and the Environment
- Research Facilities
- Energy Conservation
- Energy Impacts on the Environment
- Radiation and Health
- Chemicals and Health
- Basic Biology
- Isotopes and Nuclear Medicine
- Basic Physical Research
- Chemical Research
- Coal Technology
- Materials for Energy and Space Exploration
- Magnetic Fusion Energy
- Nuclear Safety
- Nuclear Energy Technology
- Information Services
- Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management
- Acrostic Puzzle
- Electricity Matching Quiz
![ORNL Review v15n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v15n2.jpg)
Vol. 15, No. 2, ( 1982)
Departments- Take a Number
- Reader's Comments
- Books. Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Scientists in Power
- Information Meeting Highlights Fuel Reprocessing Capsules
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v15n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v15n1.jpg)
Vol. 15, No. 1, ( 1982)
- ORNL's Quick Reponse Team: Analytical Chemists on Call
- Mining and Land Reclamation: ORNL and the Abandoned Coal Mines
- The New Hydrofracture Facility: Disposal of Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste
- Decommissioning Reactors
- Pocket Monitors for Airborne Pollutants
- Books. Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford
- Information Meeting Highlights. Holifield Accelerator in Action; Spin Spectrometer Results: Do Light Nuclei Orbit? Diagnostics for Fusion Plasmas; Metallic Glass Defects; Better Weld Metals for Breeders; Toughening Ceramics; Health Impacts Codes
- Take a Number
- Lab Anecdote
- Awards and Appointments