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![ORNL Review v22n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v22n4.jpg)
Vol. 22, No. 4, ( 1989)
Reactor Technology at ORNL- EDITORIAL: A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy?
- Reactors Are Central to ORNL's Missions
- The Research Reactor Dilemma
- The HFIR: Lessons Learned
- ORNL's Research Reactors
- New Insights on Reactor Vessel Embrittlement
- The Oak Ridge Research Reactor: A Requiem
- Isotope Materials for Research
- Nuclear Healing
- Neutron Scattering at Research Reactors
- The Advanced Neutron Source: An Update
- ORNL and the Modular HTGR
- PIUS-BWR: Concept for a Passively Safe Reactor
- Advanced Controls for Nuclear Facilities
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
- User Facilities: The High Temperature Materials Laboratory
- Educational Activities. Molding tomorrow's scientists
- R&D Updates: STM images of DNA obtained here; clean-air issues evaluated; space studies under way; ORNL selected as site for Gammasphere
- Technical Highlights: Three R&D 100 Awards for ORNL in 1989; NIH grant for ORNL's transgenic mouse program
- Technology Transfer: ORNL ceramic technology licensed to Coors Ceramics Company; motor diagnostic technology licensed to private firms
![ORNL Review v22n2-3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v22n2-3.jpg)
Vol. 22, No. 2, ( 1989)
Life Sciences at ORNL Editorial Biology Research Genetics- Genetics Research in the Biology Division
- Chromosome Alterations and Cancer
- Targets for Mutagenesis
- Mouse Models of Human Genetic Disorders
- Mouse Genome Characterization
- Pursuing Biology's Holy Grail
- Radiation-Induced Cancers
- Extrapolating Cancer Risk
- In Vitro-In Vivo Models for Cancer Studies. New model systems aid understanding of cancer mechanisms
- Probing Mechanisms for Cancer Suppression. An ORNL technique improves understanding of factors that block tumor growth
- Protein Engineering
- Altering Human Epidermal Growth Factor
- DNA Repair—A Recipe for Survival. Research is zeroing in on the cell's mechanisms for self-repair
- Can the CO2 Fixation Enzyme Be Improved?
![ORNL Review v22n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v22n1.jpg)
Vol. 22, No. 1, ( 1989)
State of the Laboratory 1978-88- State of the Laboratory 1978-88: Years of Change. The upsurge in materials, energy conservation, and global environmental research and improvements in nuclear reactors are among the highlights of the 37th annual State of the Laboratory address, given recently by ORNL 's Acting Director for 1988.
- Competitiveness Begins at Home. Our new Laboratory director says cooperative efforts are crucial to making ORNL a serious competitor in world research and development.
- Market Research Aids Technology Transfer
- SIDEBAR: The MBA Experience. University of Tennessee business graduate students assist Energy Systems in market research that has led to 32licensing agreements with private firms.
- Awards and Appointments
- Books. Strategic Defense and Arms Control (eds. Alvin Weinberg, Jack Barkenbus) reviewed by David J. Bjornstad of the Energy Division; new books by ORNL authors and editors
- R&D Updates. High Flux Isotope Reactor restarted again; off-site wells being sampled; ORNL involved in "cold fusion" experiments
- Take a Number
- Technical Highlights. ORNL designs Smart House system; ORNL home energy audit tested in two states; new devices for detecting radioactivity and destroying chemical toxins in groundwater
- User Facilities. Coordinator' s office established to simplify user access
- Educational Activities. University and Educational Programs discussed by new manager
- Technology Transfer. Bee detector licensed, ORNL technology used by Commerce Park tenant, ORNL-industry agreements in materials research
![ORNL Review v19n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n4.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 4, ( 1986)
- Sizing Up Contaminated Properties: A Saga of ORNL's Western Pioneers. Employees at ORNL's new office in Grand Junction, Colorado, have surveyed hundreds of radon-emitting properties for DOE's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project. The office also is responsible for several innovations that are expected to save the project millions of dollars.
- Genetic Risks of Using Ethylene Oxide. New ORNL studies on the mutagenicity of ethylene oxide in mice suggest that regulations may be needed to limit brief exposures to the gas, which is widely used by health care workers to sterilize medical supplies.
- Human Gene Therapy: A Look at a Cutting Edge of Biomedical Science. Gene therapy—implanting appropriate genes in cells to correct genetic disorders—is being considered for widespread use in humans with inherited diseases. The author, who is a member of a national committee that considers the technical, ethical, and social implications of this biomedical technology, discusses the technical merits and problems of human gene therapy and current recommendations on its future use.
- Survey Sampling: A Useful Tool for Scientific Investigation. Scientists at ORNL have used statistics and survey sampling to ensure accuracy in their research results. Examples include determining the proportion of transuranic wastes in waste mixtures and estimating the size of fish populations at various sites. The author presents a primer on conducting a survey.
- Nuclear Sleuthing at ORNL: A New Look at Neutron Activation Analysis. Scientists at ORNL have helped develop neutron-activation analysis, which has been used for 50 years to identify and quantify elements, such as uranium, in materials. They will advance the science at the expanded NAA facility at the High Flux Isotope Reactor.
- ORNL's Forays into Forensic Activation Analysis. In the 1960s ORNL activation-analysis experts helped evaluate the evidence from the Kennedy assassination and two highly publicized murder trials.
- News Notes. ORNL's involvement in CERN physics experiment; plans for ACTO, a nuclear-plant advanced controls facility; another Large Coil Test Program milestone.
- Technical Capsules. ORNL's three IR 100 award-winning projects; new method of detecting wear in motor-operated valves; designing a reactor for space.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v19n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n3.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 3, ( 1986)
- The Origins of Physics Research at ORNL
- The Origins of Chemical Research at ORNL
- Surface Modification Using Ion Beams and Lasers
- A View of the Surface on the Atomic Scale
- Design of High-Temperature, Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
- Materials Science Theory at ORNL
- Recent Advances in the Science of Ceramics
- Ceramics in Basic Research
- Users, Users Everywhere
- Probing Materials Using Low-Energy Neutron Beams
- ORNL's X-Ray Facility at the National Synchrotron Light Source
- The Science and Engineering of Irradiated Materials
- Theoretical Research on Solids
- Mathematical Sciences Research at ORNL
- Research in Intelligent Machines at ORNL
- Collisions of Low-Energy Multiply Charged Ions
- High-Energy Atomic Physics
- Platinized Chloroplasts: A New Bioelectronic Material Developed at ORNL
- Separation Science and Technology
- Research on High-Temperature Water Solutions
- Organic Chemistry of Coal
- Analytical Challenges in Mass Spectrometry Research
- Nuclear Physics Theory at ORNL
- Macroscopic Nuclear Physics
- Nuclear Structure of the Stressed Nucleus
- Probing Nuclei Using ORELA's Energetic Neutrons
![ORNL Review v19n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n2.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 2, ( 1986)
- State of the Laboratory—1985: How Service Groups Support Research. In this updated report of his February 10, 1986, address to the staff, ORNL Director Herman Postma salutes the work of the Laboratory's support and services organizations in maintaining ORNL as a high-quality research facility. Services mentioned by Postma range from computerized library services and health risk information to the fabrication of large-scale breeder test equipment. Technical highlights include the development of a novel bioelectronic photosynthetic material for water splitting, an analytical technique to aid in the design of more efficient absorption heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings, a "smarter" robot, a method of using "bugs" to liquefy coal, and a computerized ultrasonic system for mapping "hot spots" on properties in the West having radioactive uranium mill tailings. Postma also notes ORNL's award-winning achievements.
- Superconducting Magnets for Fusion Energy: The Story Behind the Six Coils. The International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility at ORNL now contains its full array of six large superconducting magnet coils. The coils were designed and built under ORNL's direction over the past 10 years by groups in Japan, Switzerland, the European Atomic Energy Community, and three U.S. firms. This article presents the story behind the coils and the status of the testing program to compare the technical performance, reliability, and economics of different coil designs that could be used to contain plasmas in fusion devices that could generate useful electrical power.
- Books. Global Energy: Assessing the Future is reviewed by Bud Perry of the Energy Division.
- News Notes. ORNL and Japan collaborate on fission R&D; isotope facilities named nuclear historic landmark; inventors honored; technology-transfer workshop sparks industrial interest.
- Take a Number
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v19n1](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v19n1.jpg)
Vol. 19, No. 1, ( 1986)
- Civilian Reactor Power in the United States: A Strategy for ORNL
- The Next Generation of Reactors: The Nuclear Power Options Viability Study
- Nuclear Power: Who Needs It?
- Where in the World Is Nuclear Energy?
- Pressurized Thermal Shock: A Hot Issue for the Nuclear Industry?
- Reactor Safety Research: NRC Programs at ORNL
- Radioactive Waste Disposal: Technical Plans, Institutional Delays
- Automating Large-Scale Reactor Systems
- Building a Better Research Reactor: The Proposed Center for Neutron Research
- Radioisotopes from ORNL: 40 Years of Customer Satisfaction
- Editorial. The nuclear power option must be kept alive
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- News Notes. Six ORNL-UT Distinguished Scientists appointed; Voyager space probe (which is carrying an ORNL-made alloy) has close encounter with Uranus; ORNL officials tell congressional committees of budget impacts
- Books. The Nuclear Connection: A reassessment of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Proliferation_ (edited by Alvin Weinberg et al.) is reviewed
![ORNL Review v18n4](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n4.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 4, ( 1985)
- Parallel Computing at ORNL. Computer scientists are learning how to use new parallel processing machines to meet ORNL's research needs. New parallel algorithms for solving large systems of equations have been developed at ORNL.
- Protecting Human Health: The Chemical Challenge. Scientists at ORNL have developed several methods of detecting human responses to hazardous energy-related chemicals. They are using interferon as a bioeffects marker and are developing the "fluoroimmunosensor," which detects minute amounts of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in body fluids and tissues.
- The Technology Transfer Fund: A Status Report on the ORNL Projects. ORNL, DOE, and the Office of Technology Applications of Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., have committed funds to stimulate innovation and bring ORNL technologies to the stage where their commercial potential can be judged. The status of five technology-transfer projects is described.
- Pion Emission from Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions. A theorist said it couldn't be done, but nuclear physicists at ORNL's Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility accelerator have detected the emission of pions, short-lived particles that serve as the "glue" in the nucleus, from low-energy nuclear reactions. Current theory is being revised to explain how pions can be produced at unexpectedly low energies.
- Managing Hazardous Waste: ORNL Examines the Options. ORNL is playing an important role in managing the nation's defense-chemical wastes and in devising better ways of dealing with its own hazardous materials.
- Books. Chancing It: Why We Take Risks is reviewed by W. S. Lyon.
- Take a Number
- Technical Capsules. Device to measure metal deformation wins IR 100 award; technology transfer and cell freezing.
- Lab Anecdote. The story of the radiation-danger symbol.
- News Notes. ORNL Director Herman Postma talks to President Reagan; Radio Frequency Test Facility completed; Associate Director Fred Mynatt testifies on advanced reactors for space; fusion magnet facility begins 6-coil tests; Athens power-distribution experiment under way; Life Sciences Complex plans told; Cummins Engine licensing breaks new ground.
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v18n3](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n3.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 3, ( 1985)
- Fractals: Realm of Monster Curves and Irregular Solids A solid-state physicist has turned to fractals to understand the strange electrical properties of the interface between an electrode and various electrolytes. He suggests that fractals—a mathematical concept that describes a large class of irregular natural objects—could be useful in other areas of ORNL research.
- Conservation as an Energy Resource: Electricity Savings from a Utility Program What are the energy and economic impacts of a utility program in the Pacific Northwest that offered homeowners incentives to reduce electricity use? An ORNL team has completed a study of the benefits and costs of such a program.
- SPECIAL SECTION: Biotechnology at ORNL
- A Question of Impurities: ORNL Examines a Persistent Fusion Problem Bob Clausing and others at ORNL have conducted studies to determine which cleaning techniques work best to remove the most obnoxious impurities from fusion vessel walls to prevent plasma energy losses.
- Transuranium-Element Production and Research For almost two decades ORNL's High Flux lsotope Reactor (HFIR) and Transuranium Processing Plant (TRU) have produced most of the transuranium elements used by researchers in the Western world. ORNL's Transuranium Research Laboratory, where research is carried out on the HFIR-TRU products, has become an international center for collaborative research. ORNL collaboration with the University of Tennessee has been particularly strong in inorganic chemistry and solid-state physics.
- Books. Freeman Dyson's Weapons and Hope is reviewed by Jack Barkenbus
- Take a Number
- News Notes. New parallel-processing computer at ORNL; uranium wastes solidified at Laboratory; ORNL agents tested in European patients; High-Temperature Materials Laboratory inaugurated; Technology Transfer briefs
- Awards and Appointments
![ORNL Review v18n2](/sites/default/files/Cover%20v18n2.jpg)
Vol. 18, No. 2, ( 1985)
- State of the Laboratory- 1984: Exploring New Areas. In this updated report based on his February 5, 1985, address to the staff. Postma notes that the Laboratory's return on some investments has been remarkable. Seed money projects have brought about $4 in research funds to ORNL for every $1 invested by the internal Exploratory Studies Program. ORNL research also has helped others save money. For example, Laboratory recommendations on energy options have helped Liberia save up to $20 million annually. ORNL studies of the potential thermal shock problem of commercial nuclear reactors saved electric utilities millions of dollars.
- Crickets and Coal Liquefaction Research. Several years ago cricket eggs exposed to a chemical under study in the synthetic fuels program hatched crickets with assorted abnormalities such as an extra eye, antenna, or head. The author tells how ORNL toxicologists and analytical chemists determined that certain trace substances cause these teratogenic effects and how they eventually identified a teratogenic compound in these substances.
- Shedding Light on Molecules and Atoms: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation. ORNL researchers using the magic source of synchrotron radiation have helped to usher in a new era of photoelectron spectroscopy called photoelectron dynamics. Recently, use of this method has provided fresh answers to a number of fundamental questions on the electronic structure of small molecules and metal vapors.
- Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development. Technical innovators and entrepreneurs are receiving new respectability as a result of a growing need for technical solutions to revitalize the economy. The time has come for East Tennessee to experience new economic development because both the need and capability for innovation and entrepreneurship are present.
- Awards and Appointments
- Take a Number
- News Notes. Electron microscope for fusion studies arrives; Alvin Weinberg honored; 12,000th neutron- facility experiment performed; ORNL Hydrofracture Facility at crossroads; fish and birds studied in Antarctica; ORNL helps steel industry; Technology Transfer Briefs.
- Books. A book on nuclear facilities and earthquakes is reviewed.
- Technical Capsules. DOE to use ORNL earthquake recommendations in nuclear plant seismic standards; ORNL collaborates with Spanish team on design offusion stellarator.