Real-time Minimum Frequency Response Reserve for the Eastern Interconnection (EI)

This project is to study the change in frequency response of the U.S. interconnection grids with renewable and seasons and eventually develop a minimum frequency response reserve (FRR) in real time that saves costs, makes the system efficient and allows for larger scale penetration of renewable energy sources.

This project will first analyze the historical inertia values of the U.S. interconnection grids and determine the representative inertia cases. Then, the minimum FRR to ensure system stability in representative inertia conditions will be determined using dynamic simulation. Based on the minimum FRR, this work will study how the system can derive real-time minimum FRR from the real-time system inertia value to reduce energy costs. The study results on minimum real-time frequency response reserve will provide specific suggestions on future revision of the NERC BAL-003-1 standard.