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A zoomed in view of downtown Chattanooga’s sensors, which allowed the researchers to create building occupancy schedules that could enable improved energy efficiency and faster emergency responses. Credit: Andy Berres/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy

Every day, hundreds of thousands of commuters across the country travel from houses, apartments and other residential spaces to commercial buildings — from offices and schools to gyms and grocery stores.

Urban climate modeling

Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have identified a statistical relationship between the growth of cities and the spread of paved surfaces like roads and sidewalks. These impervious surfaces impede the flow of water into the ground, affecting the water cycle and, by extension, the climate.