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![Default image of ORNL entry sign](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/2023-09/default-thumbnail.jpg?h=553c93cc&itok=N_Kd1DVR)
Less than 1 percent of Earth’s water is drinkable. Removing salt and other minerals from our biggest available source of water—seawater—may help satisfy a growing global population thirsty for fresh water for drinking, farming, transportation, heating, cooling and industry. But desalination is an energy-intensive process, which concerns those wanting to expand its application.
![ORNL Image](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/legacy_files/Image%20Library/Main%20Nav/ORNL/News/Features/2015/2015-P00294_article.jpg?itok=vKiSFjw2)
Andrew Stack, a geochemist at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, advances understanding of the dynamics of minerals underground.
![Default image of ORNL entry sign](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/2023-09/default-thumbnail.jpg?h=553c93cc&itok=N_Kd1DVR)
Graphene, a strong, lightweight carbon honeycombed structure that’s only one atom thick, holds great promise for energy research and development. Recently scientists with the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures, and Transport (FIRST) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), led by the US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, revealed graphene can serve as a proton-selective permeable membrane, providing a new basis for streamlined and more efficient energy technologies such as improved fuel cells.
![Vanadium atoms (blue) have unusually large thermal vibrations that stabilize the metallic state of a vanadium dioxide crystal. Red depicts oxygen atoms.](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/2020-06/82289_web.jpg?h=05d1a54d&itok=_5hHRzzR)
For more than 50 years, scientists have debated what turns particular oxide insulators, in which electrons barely move, into metals, in which electrons flow freely.
![Default image of ORNL entry sign](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/2023-09/default-thumbnail.jpg?h=553c93cc&itok=N_Kd1DVR)
![ORNL Image](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/legacy_files/Image%20Library/Main%20Nav/ORNL/News/Features/2014/Mcnutt_carbon_anode_article.png?itok=q_kshiVu)
![ORNL Image](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/legacy_files/Image%20Library/Main%20Nav/ORNL/News/Features/2014/BioWorkshop_article.jpg?itok=lINenuTE)
![ORNL Image](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/legacy_files/Image%20Library/Main%20Nav/ORNL/News/Features/2014/stanford_splitter_300.jpg?itok=F7qKOEY0)
![ORNL Image](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/legacy_files/Image%20Library/Main%20Nav/ORNL/News/Features/2014/bassiri-gharb_article.jpg?itok=Lmo9GCiW)
![ORNL Image](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/legacy_files/Image%20Library/Main%20Nav/ORNL/News/Features/2014/Wu-Overbury-Figure-Au25_Art.jpg?itok=OjNgk8Iv)